blowing in the wind

奠邊府戰役是第一次印度支那戰爭（1946年～1954年）中法國與越南間的最後一場戰役，發生在1954年。作戰一方是武元甲手下的越盟軍隊，另一方是法國空降兵及法國外籍兵團，由曾經留學法國的鄧小平指揮戰局[來源請求]，派出了軍事顧問團支援越方[1][2]。戰役發生在越南北部足以扭轉戰局的戰略重地奠邊府村附近，此戰越法雙方爭奪極為凶猛慘烈，堪稱世界陸軍經典名戰。

1954年3月13日，越南人民軍及越盟游擊隊以數倍於法軍的兵力對奠邊府進攻，越方投入四個步兵師和一個工兵師的部隊。法軍則採取「添油戰術」，不斷向奠邊府戰場空投傘兵，前後共達1.6萬人，以補充戰場上損失。戰爭初期,越軍居於劣勢幾乎戰敗不支,中國派出大量援軍著越軍制服助戰,[來源請求],由於越軍以中國援助的大量馬克沁機槍和榴彈炮構成空中防禦網，造成法軍空投部隊損失慘重。此役越軍大勝，擊斃法軍5000余人，俘虜1萬1千余人,法國兩位少將砲兵司令,傘兵司令前後飲彈自盡殉國,宣示結束法國對越南自1884年清法戰爭以來70年的殖民統治(維基百科)



隨著世界冷戰局勢的影響,當年美國為防堵共產主義擴張,於是在1957年介入了這場戰爭，投入大量人力、物力，還派遣子弟兵遠渡重洋，前往越南戰場，造成了慘重的傷亡，因此美國社會掀起了一股反戰的熱潮。在這同時，民歌也開始在全美各地校園流行起來，許多知識青年不僅利用他們所創作的民歌發表抗議的聲音，更積極的加入示威的群眾運動。

　Bob Dylan在傳奇性的民歌宗師 Woody Guthrie啟迪下進入民歌界，很快的以獨特的風格在格林威治村以及各大校園受到注意。1962年四月，他以深具內涵的創作技巧譜出「Blowing in the Wind」的時候，才是個二十剛出頭的小夥子。這是他最早的「抗議歌曲」，對人們傳統觀念中「男子漢」的定義提出了質疑，希望世人能以和平而理性的態度來解決爭端，不要再對世間的不幸視而不見、聽而不聞，更不要再讓無辜的人們繼續喪生在戰火之中。

Joan Baez 在1963的錄影畫面,她的聲音已成為當時民歌,反越戰時的一種代表,這是當年的青澀模樣,這畫面影像將會越陳越香


How many roads must a man walk down
Before they call him a man

How many seas must a white dove sail
Before she sleeps in the sand

How many times must the cannon balls fly Before they're forever banned The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind

The answer is blowing in the wind



How many years must a mountain exist
Before it is washed to the sea

How many years can some people exist

Before they're allowed to be free

How many times can a man turn his head
And pretend that he just doesn't see

The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind The answer is blowing in the wind



How many times must a man look up

Before he can see the sky
How many ears must one man have

Before he can hear people cry

How many deaths will it take



'Till he knows that too many people have died The answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind

The answer is blowing in the wind

反戰經典Where Have All The Flowers Gone?

這個影像畫面是民歌前輩Joan Baez 再2005年九月,在美國為反對伊拉克戰爭的集會,再度演唱這首反戰經典名曲,而這首歌的真正作者是民歌先驅Pete Seeger



Pete Seeger所唱之「Where Have All The Flowers Gone」，此為他於1956年所譜成的反戰歌曲，其歌詞內容是取材於一本大戰時期的俄國小說「悠悠頓河水」（And Quiet Flows The Don），基本上，他是以比較溫和的角度詮釋，提醒世人們天理循環的道理，即使戰役有多麼的成功，最終仍是「塵歸塵、土歸土」，尤其是每每唱到最後一句「When will they ever learn, when will they ever learn?」時，內心便會十分糾結，因為人們往往一再地重蹈覆轍，僅為了滿足政客的私心與利益，而忘了當初的教訓與戰爭的可怕、無情，而如此的一再循環，似乎也暗示著我們，人們何必爭鬥地如此激烈，因為終將回歸於自然。

Love & Peace幾乎是所有搖滾樂團掛在嘴邊的口號，近年來由於一些戰爭與恐怖事件頻傳，許多的樂手即不斷的在其創作中加入了反戰的元素，不斷強調並非互相廝殺才能獲得和平；人們所要珍惜的，應該是要如何去感受、去分享這份活在此世上的喜悅，希望此不僅是個Imagine，更是一種實踐精神。
雖然最後影片中的保羅無法掌握那個象徵自由的蝴蝶，不過他所帶來的震撼，絕對比蝴蝶效應所帶來的衝擊，尤其是對於看清戰爭教訓的我們，要來得更加真切、來得更加有影響力。




words and music by Pete Seeger
performed by Pete Seeger and Tao Rodriguez-Seeger

Where have all the flowers gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the flowers gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the flowers gone?
Girls have picked them every one
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?

Where have all the young girls gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the young girls gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the young girls gone?
Taken husbands every one
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?

Where have all the young men gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the young men gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the young men gone?
Gone for soldiers every one
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?

Where have all the soldiers gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the soldiers gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the soldiers gone?
Gone to graveyards every one
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?

Where have all the graveyards gone?
Long time passing
Where have all the graveyards gone?
Long time ago
Where have all the graveyards gone?
Covered with flowers every one
When will we ever learn?
When will we ever learn?[/color][/size]

©1961 (Renewed) Fall River Music Inc
All Rights Reserved.